Thomas Hobbes’ writes during the end of a civil war when he
describes the laws of nature in his book, Leviathan. His political
philosophies are influential worldwide and his ideas can be broadly applied to
modern day cases. When reading Leviathan, I was particularly interested
in what Hobbes would think and how he would comment on modern day civil wars
and protests particularly on the current conflict in Syria. To broadly and
generally apply Hobbes’ thinking, I refer back to the beginning of the Second
Part, particularly chapter 18. This post is just meant to spark debate and
questions, by no means is this a comprehensive analysis of how Thomas Hobbes
would evaluate a modern day conflict.
The rights of the sovereign as Hobbes discusses in Chapter
18, the second part of his book, states that there are certain rights, power,
for a commonwealth once it is instituted. These rights are included, but not
limited to: “the subjects cannot change the forme of government”; “soveraigne
Power cannot be forfeited”; “the soveraigns Actions cannot be justly accused by
the subject”; “and of making war and peace, as he shall think best” (Hobbes
96-100). Hobbes states that the subjects should not challenge the sovereign and
that the sovereign will do what is best for the people. The sovereign, in the
case of modern day Syria, is Bashar al-Assad, who has served as the president
of Syria since the death of his father. The current Syrian war has been
unfolding since the protests that began with the Arab Spring. Syria is in a
state of war and chaos; the condition that Hobbes described as the natural
state of man.
The point of having a commonwealth instituted is to combat
against the natural state of man, which is chaotic. This is due to the fact
that “in the nature of man, we find three principall causes of quarreell.
First, Competition; Secondly, Diffidence; Thirdly, Glory” (Hobbes 70). The
natural state of man is chaotic, without peace, and is plagued by fear. Man has
a right to peace, as explained by The Fundamental Law of Nature, “that every
man, ought to endeavor Peace, as farre as he has hope of obtaining it; and when
he cannot obtain it, that he may seek and use, all helps, and advantages of
Warre” (Hobbes 72). So the people of Syria have a right to peace and their
instituted commonwealth should protect them from constant war.
The people of Syria are protesting against the government, which
according to Hobbes, should not complain about the sovereign because “it
follows, that whatsoever he doth, it can be no injury to any of his Subjects;
nor ought he to be any of them accused on Injustice” (Hobbes 98). The Sovereign
should not be accused of injustice by the subjects. However, Bashar al-Assad is
accused of injustice and there is civil strife. I believe that Hobbes would
want the people of Syria to enjoy their right to live in peace, but I do not
think that he would agree with the method in which it is being carried out now
because of the current state Syria is in. Hobbes would
What do you think? How would Hobbes respond to other
protests? What if the sovereign is not doing what is best for the people, then
can the subjects accuse of injustice? Would Hobbes agree to that?
Your post made me consider Syria based on Hobbes' perspective. Like Caj, I think Hobbes would view the situation from the Assad regime perspective. The situation has devolved into violence because the rebels have challenged the sovereign. The rebels lack unity, and their actions have made it difficult for them to acquire a sense of moral and political legitimacy. However, Syria has also become a proxy war of sorts too which leads to the discussion of sovereignty from the international perspective. Iran and Russia are providing vital support for the Assad regime. The rebels receive a combination of lethal and non-lethal aid from Al Qaeda, sympathetic Sunni countries in the region, and some Western powers to include the United States. The Assad regime could make a strong case that nations providing support to the rebels are violating Syria's sovereignty. Of course, the nations supporting the rebels will justify their aid on the "right to protect" (R2P) principle.
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